When I engaged myself to some friends to vindicate Pliny in relation to the description of the Temple of Diana at Ephesus, I was not aware how many ingenious writers had discussed the same subject. Having, however, been lately favoured by a learned and noble friend with the Memoirs of the Academy of Cortona, I have read the Marchese de Poleni's curious and instructive paper on this subject, and have also considered Mr. Windham's description of that structure which is published in the sixth volume of the Archæologia. I owe much to these learned persons, but am not discouraged from attempting a farther explanation of the text of Pliny, who, though he may have been sometimes mistaken in Natural History, has illustrated the fine arts with the greatest attention, and the most correct taste. The passage I shall first refer to is that in Book xxxvi, chap. 14.